Conference Paper

GOVERNANCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN NIGERIA

This study investigates the relationship between governance and socioeconomic inequality in Nigeria, focusing on how institutional quality and public resource management influence inequality outcomes. The study adopts a qualitative documentary research design using secondary data from reputable international organizations such as the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNESCO, World Health Organization (WHO), Transparency International, OECD, and the World Economic Forum, alongside peer-reviewed literature. The analysis is anchored on Human Capital Theory, Governance Theory, and Institutional Theory to explain how disparities in education, healthcare, and economic opportunities are shaped by governance structures. Findings reveal that weak governance systems characterized by corruption, poor accountability, and ineffective policy implementation significantly worsen socioeconomic inequality in Nigeria. Inefficient investment in education and health further deepens regional and social disparities. Ethnic fragmentation and political instability also undermine nation-building and reinforce unequal access to opportunities. The study further shows that gender inequality remains a persistent barrier to inclusive development. Conversely, strong education systems and effective citizenship education promote social cohesion and reduce inequality. The study concludes that improving governance quality, strengthening institutions, and ensuring equitable investment in human capital are essential for reducing inequality in Nigeria. It recommends governance reforms, accountability mechanisms, and inclusive education policies. Keywords: Governance, Inequality, Institutions, Human Capital, Nigeria, Development